Record Number
109
PROSEA Handbook Number
5(1):Timber trees; Major commercial timbers
Taxon
Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Kuntze
This article should be read together with the article on the genus: Intsia in the Handbook volume indicated above in this database.
This article should be read together with the article on the genus: Intsia in the Handbook volume indicated above in this database.
Protologue
Revis. gen. pl. 1: 192 (1891).
Synonyms
Intsia amboinensis DC. (1826), Afzelia bijuga (Colebr.) A. Gray (1854), Intsia retusa (Kurz) O. Kuntze (1891).
Vernacular Names
Indonesia: merbau asam (Kalimantan), ipi (Lesser Sunda Islands). Malaysia: merbau ipil (Sarawak, Sabah), kayu besi (Peninsular). Papua New Guinea: kwila, pas. Philippines: ipil, ipil laut (Pilipino). Cambodia: krâkâs prêk. Thailand: lumpho-thale (Surat Thani), pradu-thale (central). Vietnam: g[ox] n[uw][ows]c (general), b[aaf]n [oo]i (southern).
Distribution
From Tanzania and Madagascar through southern India and Burma, towards Malesia, northern Australia and Polynesia.
Uses
Intsia bijuga is an important source of merbau timber. Bark and leaves are used medicinally and the seeds can be eaten after careful preparation.
Observations
A medium-sized to large tree up to 50 m tall, bole branchless for up to 20 m and up to 160(-250) cm in diameter; leaves with 2(-3) pairs of leaflets, leaflets thinly leathery with an acute to cuneate base and an acute to emarginate apex, 3.5-11 cm x 1.5-8 cm; flowers white or pink. Intsia bijuga occurs most frequently in coastal forests and along tidal rivers but is also found inland up to 600 m altitude. The density of the wood is 630-1040 kg/m³ at 15% moisture content. See also the table on wood properties.
Selected Sources
Backer, C.A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink, R.C., 1963-1968. Flora of Java. 3 Volumes. Noordhoff, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Bolza, E. & Kloot, N. H., 1966. The mechanical properties of 81 New Guinea timbers. Technological Paper No 41. Division of Forest Products, CSIRO, Melbourne. 39 pp.
Browne, F.G., 1955. Forest trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their products. Government Printing Office, Kuching. xviii + 369 pp.
Budgen, B., 1981. The shrinkage and density of some Australian and South-East Asian Timbers. Technical Paper (2nd ser.) No 38. Division of Building Research, CSIRO, Melbourne. 33 pp.
Burgess, P.F., 1966. Timbers of Sabah. Sabah Forest Records No 6. Forest Department, Sabah, Sandakan. xviii + 501 pp.
Burkill, I.H., 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. 2nd edition. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur. Vol. 1(A-H) pp. 1-1240. Vol. 2(I-Z) pp. 1241-2444.
Catibog, C.S., 1977. Occurrence of plant parasitic nematodes at the Forest Research Institute nursery, Mt. Makiling, Laguna, Philippines. Sylvatrop 2: 155-158.
Cornejo, A.T., 1990. Ipil, Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Ktze. RISE (Research Information Series on Ecosystems) 2(6): 1-9.
de Guzman, E.R.M. Umali & E.D. Sotalbo, 1986. Guide to Philippine flora and fauna. Vol. 3: dipterocarps, non-dipterocarps. Natural Resources Management Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources & University of the Philippine, Manila. xx + 414 pp.
de Wit, H.C.D., 1941. Notes on the genera Intsia and Pahudia (Legum.). Bulletin du Jardin Botanique, Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 17: 139-154.
Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêtnam (various editors), 1960-. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Henderson, C.P. & Hancock, I.R., 1989. A guide to the useful plants of the Solomon Islands. Research Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Honiara. xiii + 481 pp.
Heyne, K., 1927. De nuttige planten van Nederlands-Indië [The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies]. 2nd edition, 3 volumes. Departement van Landbouw, Nijverheid en Handel in Nederlandsch-Indië, 's-Gravenhage. 1953 pp.
Kingston, R.S.T. & Risdon, C.J.E., 1961. Shrinkage and density of Australian and other South-West Pacific woods. Technological Paper No 13. Division of Forest Products, CSIRO, Melbourne. 65 pp.
Laming, P.B., Rijsdijk, J.F. & Verwijs, J.C., 1978. Houtsoorten, informatie voor de praktijk [Wood species, information for the practice]. Houtinstituut TNO, Delft. 390 pp.
Lauricio, F.M. & Bellosillo, S.B., 1963/64. The mechanical and related properties of Philippine woods. Philippine Lumberman 10: 49-56.
Martawijaya, A. et al., 1989. Atlas kayu Indonesia [Indonesian wood atlas]. Vol. 2. Departemen Kehutanan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan, Bogor. 167 pp.
Meijer-Drees, E., 1938. The genera Intsia and Pahudia (Legum.) in The Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique, Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 16: 83-102.
Reyes, L.J., 1938. Philippine woods. Technical Bulletin No 7. Commonwealth of the Philippines, Department of Agriculture and Commerce. Bureau of Printing, Manila. 536 pp. + 88 plates.
Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (Editors), 1970-. Flora of Thailand. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok.
van Alphen de Veer, E.J. & Verduyn Lunel, F.A., 1950. Kweekproeven met Intsia palembanica Miq. en Intsia bijuga O. Ktze [Germination tests with Intsia palembanica Miq. and Intsia bijuga O. Ktze]. Tectona 40: 336-345.
Verdcourt, B., 1979. A manual of New Guinea legumes. Botany Bulletin No 11. Office of Forests, Division of Botany, Lae. 645 pp.
Wong, W.C. & Ong, C.L., 1988. Particle board from batai (Paraserianthes falcataria). Malaysian Forester 49: 56-64.
Bolza, E. & Kloot, N. H., 1966. The mechanical properties of 81 New Guinea timbers. Technological Paper No 41. Division of Forest Products, CSIRO, Melbourne. 39 pp.
Browne, F.G., 1955. Forest trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their products. Government Printing Office, Kuching. xviii + 369 pp.
Budgen, B., 1981. The shrinkage and density of some Australian and South-East Asian Timbers. Technical Paper (2nd ser.) No 38. Division of Building Research, CSIRO, Melbourne. 33 pp.
Burgess, P.F., 1966. Timbers of Sabah. Sabah Forest Records No 6. Forest Department, Sabah, Sandakan. xviii + 501 pp.
Burkill, I.H., 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. 2nd edition. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur. Vol. 1(A-H) pp. 1-1240. Vol. 2(I-Z) pp. 1241-2444.
Catibog, C.S., 1977. Occurrence of plant parasitic nematodes at the Forest Research Institute nursery, Mt. Makiling, Laguna, Philippines. Sylvatrop 2: 155-158.
Cornejo, A.T., 1990. Ipil, Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Ktze. RISE (Research Information Series on Ecosystems) 2(6): 1-9.
de Guzman, E.R.M. Umali & E.D. Sotalbo, 1986. Guide to Philippine flora and fauna. Vol. 3: dipterocarps, non-dipterocarps. Natural Resources Management Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources & University of the Philippine, Manila. xx + 414 pp.
de Wit, H.C.D., 1941. Notes on the genera Intsia and Pahudia (Legum.). Bulletin du Jardin Botanique, Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 17: 139-154.
Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêtnam (various editors), 1960-. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Henderson, C.P. & Hancock, I.R., 1989. A guide to the useful plants of the Solomon Islands. Research Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Honiara. xiii + 481 pp.
Heyne, K., 1927. De nuttige planten van Nederlands-Indië [The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies]. 2nd edition, 3 volumes. Departement van Landbouw, Nijverheid en Handel in Nederlandsch-Indië, 's-Gravenhage. 1953 pp.
Kingston, R.S.T. & Risdon, C.J.E., 1961. Shrinkage and density of Australian and other South-West Pacific woods. Technological Paper No 13. Division of Forest Products, CSIRO, Melbourne. 65 pp.
Laming, P.B., Rijsdijk, J.F. & Verwijs, J.C., 1978. Houtsoorten, informatie voor de praktijk [Wood species, information for the practice]. Houtinstituut TNO, Delft. 390 pp.
Lauricio, F.M. & Bellosillo, S.B., 1963/64. The mechanical and related properties of Philippine woods. Philippine Lumberman 10: 49-56.
Martawijaya, A. et al., 1989. Atlas kayu Indonesia [Indonesian wood atlas]. Vol. 2. Departemen Kehutanan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan, Bogor. 167 pp.
Meijer-Drees, E., 1938. The genera Intsia and Pahudia (Legum.) in The Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique, Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 16: 83-102.
Reyes, L.J., 1938. Philippine woods. Technical Bulletin No 7. Commonwealth of the Philippines, Department of Agriculture and Commerce. Bureau of Printing, Manila. 536 pp. + 88 plates.
Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (Editors), 1970-. Flora of Thailand. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok.
van Alphen de Veer, E.J. & Verduyn Lunel, F.A., 1950. Kweekproeven met Intsia palembanica Miq. en Intsia bijuga O. Ktze [Germination tests with Intsia palembanica Miq. and Intsia bijuga O. Ktze]. Tectona 40: 336-345.
Verdcourt, B., 1979. A manual of New Guinea legumes. Botany Bulletin No 11. Office of Forests, Division of Botany, Lae. 645 pp.
Wong, W.C. & Ong, C.L., 1988. Particle board from batai (Paraserianthes falcataria). Malaysian Forester 49: 56-64.
Author(s)
M.S.M. Sosef
Correct Citation of this Article
Sosef, M.S.M., 1993. Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Kuntze. In: Soerianegara, I. and Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editors): Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 5(1):Timber trees; Major commercial timbers. PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Database record: prota4u.org/prosea
All texts are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Netherlands License
This license does not include the illustrations (Maps,drawings,pictures); these remain all under copyright.