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12(2): Medicinal and poisonous plants 2

Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr.

This article should be read together with the article on the genus: Parkia in the Handbook volume indicated above in this database.

Philipp. Journ. Sci., Bot. 5: 33 (1910).

Parkia roxburghii G. Don (1832), Parkia biglobosa auct. non (Jacq.) R.Br. (1830), Parkia javanica auct.

Indonesia: alai (Sumatra), kedawung (Javanese), peundeuy (Sundanese). Malaysia: kedaung (Sarawak), kupang (Sabah), petai kerayong (Peninsular). Philippines: kupang (Pilipino), amarang (Palawan). Burma (Myanmar): mai-karien (Shan). Thailand: kariang, riang (peninsular).

India, Bangladesh, Burma (Myanmar), Thailand and throughout the Malesian region (except Papua New Guinea).

The ripe seeds, either roasted or boiled and powdered are taken in decoction as a well-known remedy for colic. Leaves and/or bark are externally applied to clean wounds and ulcers and to cure scabies. The pods pounded with water are used as a hair shampoo.

A tree up to 50 m tall; leaves alternate, primary rachis including petiole 18—42 cm long, pinnae 14—31 pairs, secondary rachis 8.7—11.5 cm long, leaflets 52—72 pairs per pinna, somewhat sigmoid, 6—10.5 mm x 1—2 mm, base auriculate on proximal side, apex acute; peduncles 5—7 per compound inflorescence, 8.5—33 cm long, head somewhat biglobose at anthesis, 5.5—6.7 cm long, apical part 3—4.5 cm in diameter; bisexual flowers, calyx up to 10.5 mm long, corolla up to 11 mm long, the lobes up to 2 mm; pod strap-shaped, up to 50 cm long (including stipe) and 4—5.5 cm broad, valves woody, rarely twisted, stipe of 6—15.5 cm long; seeds 12—19 per pod, lying horizontally across the width of the pod. Parkia timoriana is found in lowland rain forest, mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests, often along streams or the upper part of slopes, sometimes common, preferring fertile soils with a pH of 5—7, from 0—600(—1300) m altitude.

[135] Burkill, I.H., 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Revised reprint. 2 volumes. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol. 1 (A—H) pp. 1—1240, Vol. 2 (I—Z) pp. 1241—2444.
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[647] Mansfeld, R., 1986. Verzeichnis landwirtschaftlicher und gärtnerischer Kulturpflanzen (ohne Zierpflanzen) [Register of agricultural and horticultural plants in cultivation (without ornamentals)]. Schultze-Motel, J. et al. (Editors). 2nd Edition. 4 volumes. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 1998 pp.
[810] Quisumbing, E., 1978. Medicinal plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Co., Quezon City, the Philippines. 1262 pp.
[1066] Whitmore, T.C. & Ng, F.S.P. (Editors), 1972—1989. Tree flora of Malaya. A manual for foresters. 2nd Edition. 4 volumes. Malayan Forest Records No 26. Longman Malaysia Sdn. Berhad, Kuala Lumpur & Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.

Umi Kalsom Yusuf & Ervizal A.M. Zuhud

Yusuf, U.K. & Zuhud, E.A.M., 2001. Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr.. In: van Valkenburg, J.L.C.H. and Bunyapraphatsara, N. (Editors): Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 12(2): Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Database record: prota4u.org/prosea