Record Number
191
PROSEA Handbook Number
12(1): Medicinal and poisonous plants 1
Taxon
Cinchona officinalis L.
This article should be read together with the article on the genus: Cinchona in the Handbook volume indicated above in this database.
This article should be read together with the article on the genus: Cinchona in the Handbook volume indicated above in this database.
Protologue
Sp. pl. 1: 172 (1753).
Synonyms
Cinchona calisaya Wedd. (1848), Cinchona ledgeriana Moens ex Trimen (1881).
Vernacular Names
Crown cinchona, Ledger cinchona, yellow cinchona (En).
Distribution
Naturally distributed in South America from Colombia to Bolivia; planted in many tropical countries, e.g. in India and Indonesia (Java).
Uses
The bark is the traditional source of quinine, the classical industrial anti-malaria drug.
Observations
A small tree, up to 16 m tall; leaves 7-28 cm x 2.5-13 cm, glabrous and with domatia beneath; flowers with glabrous calyx and yellowish-white to fleshy-coloured or red corolla, 8-17 mm long; fruit up to 25 mm long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Cinchona officinalis occurs naturally in mountainous regions at 1200-3000 m altitude. In Java, it is planted at 800-2000 m.
Image
 | Cinchona officinalis L. — 1, tree habit; 2, flowering twig; 3, flowers in longitudinal section showing heterodistyly; 4, fruiting twig |
Selected Sources
[97] Backer, C.A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, R.C., 1963-1968. Flora of Java. 3 volumes. Noordhoff, Groningen, the Netherlands. Vol. 1 (1963) 647 pp., Vol. 2 (1965) 641 pp., Vol. 3 (1968) 761 pp.
[99] Badan Litbang Pertanian & APPPI, 1995. Petunjuk kultur teknis tanaman kina [Technical instructions for the planting of kina]. Jakarta, Indonesia. 143 pp.
[202] Burkill, I.H., 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Revised reprint. 2 volumes. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol. 1 (A-H) pp. 1-1240. Vol. 2 (I-Z) pp. 1241-2444.
[501] Gramiccia, G., 1987. Notes on the early history of cinchona plantations. Acta Leidensia 55: 5-13.
[580] Heyne, K., 1950. De nuttige planten van Indonesië [The useful plants of Indonesia]. 3rd Edition. 2 volumes. W. van Hoeve, 's-Gravenhage, the Netherlands/Bandung, Indonesia. 1660 + CCXLI pp.
[900] Mansfeld, R., 1986. Verzeichnis landwirtschaflicher und gaertnerischer Kulturpflanzen (ohne Zierpflanzen) [Register of agricultural and horticultural plants (withouth ornamentals)]. 2nd Edition, revised by J. Schultze-Motel. 4 volumes. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 1998 pp.
[1167] Purseglove, J.W., 1968-1972. Tropical crops. Longman, London. United Kingdom. Dicotyledons. 2 volumes (1968), 719 pp. Monocotyledons. 2 volumes (1972), 607 pp.
[1178] Quisumbing, E., 1978. Medicinal plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Co., Quezon City, the Philippines. 1262 pp.
[1277] Samuelsson, G. (Editor), 1992. Drugs of natural origin, a textbook of pharmacognosy. Swedish Pharmaceutical Press, Stockholm, Sweden. 320 pp.
[99] Badan Litbang Pertanian & APPPI, 1995. Petunjuk kultur teknis tanaman kina [Technical instructions for the planting of kina]. Jakarta, Indonesia. 143 pp.
[202] Burkill, I.H., 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Revised reprint. 2 volumes. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol. 1 (A-H) pp. 1-1240. Vol. 2 (I-Z) pp. 1241-2444.
[501] Gramiccia, G., 1987. Notes on the early history of cinchona plantations. Acta Leidensia 55: 5-13.
[580] Heyne, K., 1950. De nuttige planten van Indonesië [The useful plants of Indonesia]. 3rd Edition. 2 volumes. W. van Hoeve, 's-Gravenhage, the Netherlands/Bandung, Indonesia. 1660 + CCXLI pp.
[900] Mansfeld, R., 1986. Verzeichnis landwirtschaflicher und gaertnerischer Kulturpflanzen (ohne Zierpflanzen) [Register of agricultural and horticultural plants (withouth ornamentals)]. 2nd Edition, revised by J. Schultze-Motel. 4 volumes. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 1998 pp.
[1167] Purseglove, J.W., 1968-1972. Tropical crops. Longman, London. United Kingdom. Dicotyledons. 2 volumes (1968), 719 pp. Monocotyledons. 2 volumes (1972), 607 pp.
[1178] Quisumbing, E., 1978. Medicinal plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Co., Quezon City, the Philippines. 1262 pp.
[1277] Samuelsson, G. (Editor), 1992. Drugs of natural origin, a textbook of pharmacognosy. Swedish Pharmaceutical Press, Stockholm, Sweden. 320 pp.
Author(s)
G. Staritsky, E. Huffnagel, A. Dharmadi & S.L. Dalimoenthe
Correct Citation of this Article
Staritsky, G., Huffnagel, E., Dharmadi, A. & Dalimoenthe, S.L., 1999. Cinchona officinalis L.. In: de Padua, L.S., Bunyapraphatsara, N. and Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editors): Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 12(1): Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Database record: prota4u.org/prosea
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