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12(1): Medicinal and poisonous plants 1

Cinchona pubescens Vahl

This article should be read together with the article on the genus: Cinchona in the Handbook volume indicated above in this database.

Skrivt. Naturh. Selsk. 1: 19 (1790).

Cinchona cordifolia Mutis (1793), Cinchona succirubra Pav. ex Klotzsch (1858).

Red cinchona (En).

Naturally distributed in Central and South America from Costa Rica to Bolivia; planted in many tropical countries, e.g. in India and Indonesia (Java).

The bitter constituents of the bark are a traditional anti-malarial of South-America, and have been used in the Malesian region since the 19th Century. The quinine is rather difficult to extract from the bark; also used as rootstock for Cinchona officinalis.

A small to medium-sized tree, up to 30 m tall; leaves 24-50 cm x 17-40 cm, pubescent and without domatia beneath; flowers with calyx pubescent outside and greenish-white corolla reddish towards lobes, 15-21 mm long; fruit (20-)30-40 mm long, initially pubescent but glabrescent. Cinchona pubescens occurs naturally in mountainous regions at 1000-3700 m altitude. In Java, it is planted at (1000-)1250-1600(-2000) m.

[97] Backer, C.A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, R.C., 1963-1968. Flora of Java. 3 volumes. Noordhoff, Groningen, the Netherlands. Vol. 1 (1963) 647 pp., Vol. 2 (1965) 641 pp., Vol. 3 (1968) 761 pp.
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[350] Dharma, A.P., 1981. Indonesische geneeskrachtige planten [Indonesian medicinal plants]. De Driehoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 168 pp.
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[580] Heyne, K., 1950. De nuttige planten van Indonesië [The useful plants of Indonesia]. 3rd Edition. 2 volumes. W. van Hoeve, 's-Gravenhage, the Netherlands/Bandung, Indonesia. 1660 + CCXLI pp.
[900] Mansfeld, R., 1986. Verzeichnis landwirtschaflicher und gaertnerischer Kulturpflanzen (ohne Zierpflanzen) [Register of agricultural and horticultural plants (withouth ornamentals)]. 2nd Edition, revised by J. Schultze-Motel. 4 volumes. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 1998 pp.
[1167] Purseglove, J.W., 1968-1972. Tropical crops. Longman, London. United Kingdom. Dicotyledons. 2 volumes (1968), 719 pp. Monocotyledons. 2 volumes (1972), 607 pp.
[1178] Quisumbing, E., 1978. Medicinal plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Co., Quezon City, the Philippines. 1262 pp.
[1277] Samuelsson, G. (Editor), 1992. Drugs of natural origin, a textbook of pharmacognosy. Swedish Pharmaceutical Press, Stockholm, Sweden. 320 pp.
[1640] Zandvoort, E.A. & Staritsky, G., 1983. In vitro propagation of Cinchona ledgeriana. Tropical Crops Communications 6. Agricultural University Wageningen, the Netherlands. 12 pp.

G. Staritsky, E. Huffnagel, A. Dharmadi & S.L. Dalimoenthe

Staritsky, G., Huffnagel, E., Dharmadi, A. & Dalimoenthe, S.L., 1999. Cinchona pubescens Vahl. In: de Padua, L.S., Bunyapraphatsara, N. and Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editors): Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 12(1): Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Database record: prota4u.org/prosea