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5(1): Timber trees; Major commercial timbers

Agathis philippinensis Warb.

This article should be read together with the article on the genus: Agathis in the Handbook volume indicated above in this database.

Monsunia 1: 185, t. 8E (1900).

Agathis regia Warb. (1900), Agathis dammara auct. non (Lambert) Rich.

Indonesia: goga, solo (Sulawesi). Philippines: almaciga (general).

The Philippines, Sulawesi and the northern Moluccas.

Agathis philippinensis is an important source of kauri timber and the trees are tapped for Manila copal.

A very large tree of up to 60 m tall; adult leaves ovate, 4.5-6 cm 1.5-2 cm, slightly to distinctly acute at the apex, tapering at base into a 5-8 mm long petiole; mature pollen cones 2.5-4.5 cm 1.0-1.1 cm, microsporophylls with a helmet-shaped and very slightly angled apex of 2-2.5 mm 1.5-2 mm; seed cones oval, 7-9 cm 12 cm, seed bracts obtriangular-ovate with broadly rounded upper corners and a small projection at the base on one side; seed with a broadly acute projection on one upper corner and a wing on the other. Agathis philippinensis occurs scattered and often as an emergent tree in upland rain forest at (250-)1200-2200 m altitude. It is sometimes regarded as conspecific with Agathis dammara. The density of the wood is 470-660 kg/m³ at 15% moisture content.

[146]Cockburn, P.F., 1976–1980. Trees of Sabah. 2 volumes. Sabah Forest Records No 10. Forest Department Sabah, Kuching.
[163]Dallimore, W. & Jackson, A.B., 1966. A handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae. 4th edition. Revised by S.G. Harisson. Edward Arnold Ltd., London. xix + 729 pp.
[180]de Laubenfels, D.J., 1978. The Moluccan dammars (Agathis, Araucariaceae). Blumea 24: 499–504.
[244]FORPRIDECOM, 1978. Almaciga resin. Forpride Digest 7(2–3): 2–5.
[279]Gonzales, E.V. & Abejo, F.G., 1978. Properties of manila copal (almaciga resin) from 15 different localities in the Philippines. Forpride Digest 7(2–3): 10–22.
[280]Gonzales, L.L. & de la Cruz, V., 1980. Almaciga resin: sticky dollars. Canopy International 6(4): 1, 14.
[453]Manuputty, D.N., 1955. Keluarga Agathis di Indonesia [The genus Agathis in Indonesia]. Rimba Indonesia 4: 132–188.
[478]Meijer-Drees, E., 1940. The genus Agathis in Malaysia. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique, Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 16: 455–474.
[565]Quiniones, S.S., 1980. Notes on the diseases of forest trees in the Philippines. Sylvatrop 5: 263–271.
[566]Quiniones, S.S., 1980. The diminishing almacigas in Palawan: A report. Canopy International 6(4): 1, 13–14.
[748]van Steenis, C.G.G.J. & de Wilde, W.J.J.O. (Editors), 1950–. Flora Malesiana. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London.
[774]Whitmore, T.C., 1980. A monograph of Agathis. Plant Systematics and Evolution 135: 41–69.

C.C.H. Jongkind

Jongkind, C.C.H., 1993. Agathis philippinensis Warb.. In: Soerianegara, I. and Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editors): Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 5(1): Timber trees; Major commercial timbers. PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Database record: prota4u.org/prosea