Observations
A medium-sized to large tree of up to 43 m tall, bole straight, cylindrical, branchless for up to 30 m, up to 135 cm in diameter, buttresses absent or few, up to 1.5 m high and 1 m long, blunt, bark surface slightly fissured, grey or light yellowish, sapwood not sharply contrasted from the reddish-brown heartwood; buds ovoid, pale buff pubescent; leaves ovate, 10-18 cm 5-12 cm, base obtuse or subcordate, acumen up to 1 cm long, secondary veins 15-17 pairs, glabrous, petiole 3-9 cm long, stipules oblong-lanceolate, subacute, outside densely buff pubescent; stamens 30; fruit calyx tube ellipsoid, glabrous, with 5 prominent wings continuous from base to apex, 2 larger fruit calyx lobes up to 22 cm 3 cm, 3 shorter ones up to 2 cm 1.5 cm. Dipterocarpus grandiflorus is common and sometimes semi-gregarious on clay-rich soils and grows in primary semi-evergreen or evergreen forest up to 600 m altitude. The density of the wood is 650-945 kg/m3 at 15% moisture content. See also the table on wood properties. A natural hybrid between Dipterocarpus grandiflorus and Dipterocarpus baudii has been observed in Burma.
Selected Sources
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[162]Daljeet-Singh, K., 1974. Seed pests of some dipterocarps. Malaysian Forester 37: 24–36.
[175]de Guzman, E, R. M. Umali, & E.D. Sotalbo, 1986. Guide to Philippine flora and fauna. Vol. 3: dipterocarps, non-dipterocarps. Natural Resources Management Center, Ministry of Natural Resources & University of the Philippines, Manila. xx + 414 pp.
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[253]Foxworthy, F.W., 1932. Dipterocarpaceae of the Malay Peninsula. Malayan Forest Records No 10. Printers Limited, Singapore. 289 pp.
[258]Fundter, J.M., 1982. Names for dipterocarp timbers and trees from Asia. Pudoc, Wageningen. 251 pp.
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[417]Lee, Y.H., Engku Abdul Rahman & Chu, Y.P., 1979. The strength properties of some Malaysian timbers. Revised edition. Malaysian Forest Service Trade Leaflet No 34. Malaysian Timber Industry Board, Kuala Lumpur. 107 pp.
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[461]Martawijaya, A. et al., 1986. Indonesian wood atlas. Vol. 1. Forestry Products and Development Centre, Bogor. 166 pp.
[466]Masano, A.H. & Hamzah, Z., 1987. Planting trials of dipterocarp species outside their natural distributional range in Haurbentes experimental forest, West Java. In: Kostermans, A.J.G.H. (Editor): Proceedings of the Third Round Table Conference on Dipterocarps. UNESCO, Jakarta. pp. 19–37.
[476]Meijer, W. & Wood, G.H.S., 1964. Dipterocarps of Sabah (North Borneo). Sabah Forest Records No 5. Forest Department, Sandakan. 344 pp.
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[501]Nakano, T. & Kaburagi, J., 1969. Density and shrinkage of keruing woods grown in Malaya. In: The properties of tropical woods 13: studies on the utilization of the keruing woods grown in Malaya. Bulletin of the Bulletin of the Government Experiment Station 221.
[514]Ng, F.S.P. & Tang, H.T., 1974. Comparative growth rates of Malaysian trees. Malaysian Forester 37: 2–23.
[565]Quiniones, S.S., 1980. Notes on the diseases of forest trees in the Philippines. Sylvatrop 5: 263–271.
[579]Reyes, L.J., 1938. Philippine woods. Technical Bulletin No 7. Commonwealth of the Philippines, Department of Agriculture and Commerce. Bureau of Printing, Manila. 536 pp. + 88 plates.
[607]See, L.S. & Ahmad, A.M., 1982. Cylindrocladium scoparium, new record, a new pathogen of some forest tree species in Peninsular Malaysia. Pertanika 5: 72–75.
[628]Smitinand, T., Santisuk, T. & Phengklai, C., 1980. The manual of Dipterocarpaceae of mainland South-East Asia. Thai Forestry Bulletin 12: 1–110.
[632]Smits, W.T.M. & Struycken, B., 1983. Some preliminary results of experiments with in-vitro culture of dipterocarps. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 31: 233–238.
[677]Symington, C.F., 1941. Foresters' manual of dipterocarps. Malayan Forest Records No 16. Forest Department, Kuala Lumpur. pp. xliii + 244.
[737]van Slooten, D.F., 1927. The Dipterocarpaceae of the Dutch East Indies. II. The genus Dipterocarpus. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique, Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 8: 263–352.
[748]van Steenis, C.G.G.J. & de Wilde, W.J.J.O. (Editors), 1950–. Flora Malesiana. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London.
[815]Zabala, N.Q., 1986. Vegetative propagation of some dipterocarp species. Philippine Lumberman 32(7): 13–16.