3473

5(1): Timber trees; Major commercial timbers

Dipterocarpus kunstleri King

This article should be read together with the article on the genus: Dipterocarpus in the Handbook volume indicated above in this database.

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 62(2): 96 (1893).

Dipterocarpus speciosus Brandis (1895), Dipterocarpus exalatus v. Slooten ex Wood (1960).

Brunei: keruing kuntum puteh. Indonesia: keruing lagan (Kalimantan, Sumatra), lagan laweh daun (Sumatra), kambalong (Kalimantan). Malaysia: keruing gombang merah (general), keruing rapak (Sabah), keruing salatus (Peninsular). Philippines: broad-winged apitong, broadleaf apitong (general), hagakhak (Tagalog).

Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines.

The timber is used as keruing. Wood-oil can be obtained from the bole.

A small to fairly large tree of up to 40 m tall, bole straight but tending to branch low, up to 100 cm in diameter, buttresses usually few and small, up to 1 m tall, up to 1 m long, rather thin, bark surface brown or pale orange-brown, rarely grey, thinly flaky, outer bark thin (2.5 mm), inner bark red-brown grading inwards to yellowish-brown, sapwood pale brown to yellowish, heartwood dark brown; buds narrowly falcate, pale grey adpressed puberulent; leaves elliptical to broadly lanceolate, 13-22 cm 7-10 cm, base cuneate, apex shortly acuminate, secondary veins 16-18 pairs, beneath glabrous or puberulent, petiole 2-3 cm long, stipules linear, outside densely minutely puberulent; stamens 30; fruit calyx tube glabrous, ellipsoid, 5-ribbed or almost winged, 2 larger fruit calyx lobes up to 11 cm 1.5 cm, very variable in length, sometimes no longer than the shorter ones, 3 shorter ones to 6 mm 5 mm. Dipterocarpus kunstleri is widespread and locally common on undulating or flat land, especially on clay alluvium. The density of the wood is 510-890 kg/m³ at 15% moisture content. See also the table on wood properties.

[30]Ashton, P.S., 1964. A manual of the dipterocarp trees of Brunei State. Oxford University Press, London. xii + 242 pp.
[31]Ashton, P.S., 1968. A manual of the dipterocarp trees of Brunei State and of Sarawak. Supplement. Borneo Literature Bureau, Kuching. viii + 129 pp.
[102]Burkill, I.H., 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. 2nd edition. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur. Vol. 1 (A–H) pp. 1–1240. Vol. 2 (I–Z) pp. 1241–2444.
[140]Choo, K.T. & Sim, H.C., 1981. Malaysian timbers – keruing. Malaysian Forest Service Trade Leaflet No 48. Malaysian Timber Industry Board, Kuala Lumpur. 18 pp.
[175]de Guzman, E, R. M. Umali, & E.D. Sotalbo, 1986. Guide to Philippine flora and fauna. Vol. 3: dipterocarps, non-dipterocarps. Natural Resources Management Center, Ministry of Natural Resources & University of the Philippines, Manila. xx + 414 pp.
[253]Foxworthy, F.W., 1932. Dipterocarpaceae of the Malay Peninsula. Malayan Forest Records No 10. Printers Limited, Singapore. 289 pp.
[258]Fundter, J.M., 1982. Names for dipterocarp timbers and trees from Asia. Pudoc, Wageningen. 251 pp.
[297]Grewal, G.S., 1979. Air-seasoning properties of some Malaysian timbers. Malaysian Forest Service Trade Leaflet No 41. Malaysian Timber Industry Board, Kuala Lumpur. 26 pp.
[306]Hallé, F. & Ng, F.S.P., 1981. Crown construction in mature dipterocarp trees. Malaysian Forester 44: 222–233.
[417]Lee, Y.H., Engku Abdul Rahman & Chu, Y.P., 1979. The strength properties of some Malaysian timbers. Revised edition. Malaysian Forest Service Trade Leaflet No 34. Malaysian Timber Industry Board, Kuala Lumpur. 107 pp.
[461]Martawijaya, A. et al., 1986. Indonesian wood atlas. Vol. 1. Forestry Products and Development Centre, Bogor. 166 pp.
[476]Meijer, W. & Wood, G.H.S., 1964. Dipterocarps of Sabah (North Borneo). Sabah Forest Records No 5. Forest Department, Sandakan. 344 pp.
[514]Ng, F.S.P. & Tang, H.T., 1974. Comparative growth rates of Malaysian trees. Malaysian Forester 37: 2–23.
[677]Symington, C.F., 1941. Foresters' manual of dipterocarps. Malayan Forest Records No 16. Forest Department, Kuala Lumpur. pp. xliii + 244.
[737]van Slooten, D.F., 1927. The Dipterocarpaceae of the Dutch East Indies. II. The genus Dipterocarpus. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique, Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 8: 263–352.
[746]van Slooten, D.F., 1961. Sertulum dipterocarpacearum Malayensium VII. Reinwardtia 5: 457–479.
[748]van Steenis, C.G.G.J. & de Wilde, W.J.J.O. (Editors), 1950–. Flora Malesiana. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London.

L.E. Groen

Groen, L.E., 1993. Dipterocarpus kunstleri King. In: Soerianegara, I. and Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editors): Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 5(1): Timber trees; Major commercial timbers. PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Database record: prota4u.org/prosea