3492

5(1): Timber trees; Major commercial timbers

Dryobalanops sumatrensis (J.F. Gmelin) Kosterm.

This article should be read together with the article on the genus: Dryobalanops in the Handbook volume indicated above in this database.

Blumea 33: 346 (1988).

Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertner f. (1805), Dryobalanops camphora Colebr. (1816).

Brunei: kapur anggi, kapur peringgi. Indonesia: kapur singkel, kapurun, pokok kapur barus (Sumatra). Malaysia: kapur (Peninsular), kapur biasa (Sabah), kapur peringgi (Sarawak).

Peninsular Malaysia, north-western and eastern Sumatra, the Riau and Lingga archipelago, and northern and western Borneo.

Dryobalanops sumatrensis represents the most important source of kapur timber as well as of camphor in Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. The bark is used locally for walls and floors of houses and for baskets. Powder made from the kernel of the fruit is used medicinally against, for instance, stomachache and for staunching blood. The fruit (nut) is also edible.

A very large tree up to 60(-67) m tall, with a straight and cylindrical bole, branchless for up to 40 m, having a diameter of up to 200(-340) cm and buttresses up to 5 m high; bark yellowish-brown, slash strongly aromatic but at first not exuding any dammar; leaves broadly ovate, 4-6 cm 2-4 cm, with an up to 15 mm long acumen, glabrous; fruit calyx lobes spatulate, 4-6 cm 0.8-2 cm, bordering a 6-8 mm deep and 8-15 mm wide cup. Dryobalanops sumatrensis favours well-drained, yellow, leached, sandy-clayey soils and performs best on lower and middle slopes, less so in valleys or on ridges, up to 400 m altitude. It grows locally dominant or gregarious. The density of the wood is 630-940 kg/m³ at 15% moisture content. See also the table on wood properties.

[2]Afzal-Ata, 1985. Stem form of kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn.f.) with special reference on its potential as a round-pole for overhead power transmission lines. Malaysian Forester 48: 137–147.
[3]Afzal-Ata, Nur Supardi & Selvaraj, P., 1985. Local volume table for plantation kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn.f.) at Sungai Puteh forest reserve (Federal Territory). Malaysian Forester 48: 276–287.
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[297]Grewal, G.S., 1979. Air-seasoning properties of some Malaysian timbers. Malaysian Forest Service Trade Leaflet No 41. Malaysian Timber Industry Board, Kuala Lumpur. 26 pp.
[306]Hallé, F. & Ng, F.S.P., 1981. Crown construction in mature dipterocarp trees. Malaysian Forester 44: 222–233.
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[383]Kostermans, A.J.G.H., 1988. Dryobalanops sumatrensis, comb. nov., the correct name for Dryobalanops aromatica. Blumea 33: 343–346.
[417]Lee, Y.H., Engku Abdul Rahman & Chu, Y.P., 1979. The strength properties of some Malaysian timbers. Revised edition. Malaysian Forest Service Trade Leaflet No 34. Malaysian Timber Industry Board, Kuala Lumpur. 107 pp.
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[489]Misier, S.K., 1990. Biotic factors, site and increment: a case study on Dryobalanops aromatica in East Kalimantan. Scription. Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen. 48 pp. + app. 12 pp.
[523]Nurhayadi, R., Durisutanto, F.X. & Sardjono, M.A., 1985. Survival percentage and growth of seedlings of Shorea oleosa (meranti) and Dryobalanops aromatica (kapur) under Leucaena leucocephala (lamtoro gung) shade. German Forestry Group Report, Mulawarman University No 3: 15–18.
[561]Prawira, S.A. & Tantra, I.G.M., 1970. Pengenalan djenis-djenis pohon ekspor [Introduction to export timber tree species], serie KE: II. Laporan No 108. Lembaga Penelitian Hutan, Bogor. 32 pp.
[664]Sundralingam, P., 1983. Responses of potted seedlings of Dryobalanops aromatica and Dryobalanops oblongifolia to commercial fertilizers. Malaysian Forester 46: 86–92.
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M.S.M. Sosef

Sosef, M.S.M., 1993. Dryobalanops sumatrensis (J.F. Gmelin) Kosterm.. In: Soerianegara, I. and Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editors): Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 5(1): Timber trees; Major commercial timbers. PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Database record: prota4u.org/prosea