3498

5(1): Timber trees; Major commercial timbers

Endospermum peltatum Merr.

This article should be read together with the article on the genus: Endospermum in the Handbook volume indicated above in this database.

Publ. Govt. Lab. Philipp. 35: 35 (1905).

Brunei: takaliu. Indonesia: bunkul tekaya, kejo luk long (Kalimantan), mapoopo (Sulawesi). Malaysia: takaliu (Sarawak), buah icras, maram pangi (Sabah). Philippines: gubas (general), kabal (Tagalog), mulang (Zambales).

Peninsular Thailand, the Andaman Islands, Borneo, northern Sulawesi and the Philippines. Fairly commonly planted in the Philippines.

Endospermum peltatum is an important source of sesendok timber; the wood is especially used for matches, various kinds of sticks and wooden shoes. It is used in reforestation projects. The seeds are reported to be edible.

A medium-sized to fairly large tree of up to 35(-45) m tall, bole branchless for up to 20 m, up to 60 cm in diameter, bark surface smooth, grey-brown with an orange tinge and an unpleasant odour, inner bark hard, yellow-brown; leaves sometimes peltate, elliptical to ovate-oblong, 11-25 cm 9-18 cm, rounded to cordate at base, palmately 7-9-veined, the midrib with 4-9 pairs of lateral veins often carrying a gland beneath, petiole with 2 cylindrical glands at the apex; inflorescence paniculiform, long; male flowers with about 11 stamens, female flowers with a 2-3-celled ovary. Endospermum peltatum is fairly common in forests in humid localities, along rivers or on hillsides, up to 1000 m altitude. The density of the wood is 335-460 kg/m³ at 15% moisture content. See also the table on wood properties.

[10]All Nippon Checkers Corporation, 1989. Illustrated commercial foreign woods in Japan. Tokyo. 262 pp.
[19]America, W.M., 1982. Wood quality evaluation of gubas (Endospermum peltatum Merr.) for pulp and paper. Masteral thesis. University of the Philippines, Los Baños, College, Laguna.
[20]America, W.M. & Lantican, C.B., 1979. Variability of some quantitative characteristics of vessel elements of gubas (Endospermum peltatum Merr.). Pterocarpus 5: 43–53.
[100]Burgess, P.F., 1966. Timbers of Sabah. Sabah Forest Records No 6. Forest Department, Sabah, Sandakan. xviii + 501 pp.
[132]Chinte, F.O., 1949. Growth and development of young stands of gubas (Endospermum peltatum Merr.). Philippine Journal of Forestry 6: 245–264.
[145]Chudnoff, M., 1984. Tropical timbers of the world. Agricultural Handbook 607. USDA Forest Service, Washington, D.C. 464 pp.
[219]FAO, 1980. Guidelines for the improved utilization and marketing of tropical wood species. Contract No RP/HQ 1979-5/FO. Forest Products Research and Industries Development Commission, Laguna. 153 pp.
[267]Generalao, M.L. & Torrenueva, A.T., 1972. Silvical characteristics of gubas. Silvical Leaflet 12. Bureau of Forestry, Philippines. 14 pp.
[385]Kraemer, J.H., 1951. Trees of the western Pacific region. Tri-State offset Company, Ohio. 436 pp.
[484]Meniado, J.A. et al., 1975–1981. Wood identification handbook for Philippine timbers. 2 volumes. Government Printing Office, Manila. 370 & 186 pp.
[486]Merrill, E.D., 1923–1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants. 4 volumes. Bureau of Printing, Manila.
[497]Monsalud, M.R. & Tamolang, F.N., 1969. General information on Philippine hardwoods. Philippine Lumberman 15(7): 14–38.
[544]Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and Development, 1986. Philippine recommends for fast-growing hardwoods. PCARRD Technical Bulletin Series No 5-A. Los Baños, Laguna. 72 pp.
[573]Ramos, V.J.A., 1977. Yield and growth prediction for gubas in natural stands. Masteral thesis. University of the Philippines, Los Baños, College, Laguna.
[579]Reyes, L.J., 1938. Philippine woods. Technical Bulletin No 7. Commonwealth of the Philippines, Department of Agriculture and Commerce. Bureau of Printing, Manila. 536 pp. + 88 plates.
[604]Schaeffer, J., 1971. Revision of the genus Endospermum Bth. (Euphorbiaceae). Blumea 19: 171–192.
[646]Stadelman, R.C., 1966. Forests of Southeast Asia. Wimmer Bros., Memphis, Tennessee. 245 pp.
[683]Tamolang, F.B., Espiloy, E.B. & Floresca, A.R., 1990. Ninth progress report on the strength and related properties of Philippine woods. Philippine Lumberman 36: 25–37.

W.M. America

America, W.M., 1993. Endospermum peltatum Merr.. In: Soerianegara, I. and Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editors): Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 5(1): Timber trees; Major commercial timbers. PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Database record: prota4u.org/prosea