3561

5(1): Timber trees; Major commercial timbers

Hopea mengarawan Miq.

This article should be read together with the article on the genus: Hopea (merawan) in the Handbook volume indicated above in this database.

Fl. Ind. Bat., Suppl. 1 (Prodr. Fl. Sum.): 491, 192 (1861).

Indonesia: damar mata kucing (general), merawan benar (Sumatra, Kalimantan), chengal bulu (Sumatra), bangkirai telor (East Kalimantan). Malaysia: merawan penak (Peninsular, Sarawak), merawan hitam, pengerawan penak (Peninsular).

Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Belitung, Bangka and Borneo.

Hopea mengarawan is an important source of merawan timber. It produces a dammar which is considered of good quality in Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. The bark is used for roofing traditional houses.

A medium-sized to large tree of up to 40(-60) m tall, bole branchless for up to 25 m, sometimes more, with a diameter of up to 90 cm and prominently buttressed, exuding a clear, yellow resin, bark surface fissured, chocolate coloured, inner bark pale yellow tinged pink, sapwood pale yellow, hard, heartwood brown, hard; twigs, petioles and leaves beneath caducous lepidote; leaves lanceolate, 6-12 cm 2.5-5 cm, thick leathery, base cuneate, acumen slender, up to 1.5 cm long, venation dryobalanoid, midrib raised above, secondary veins about 15 pairs, slender but prominent beneath, with many short to subequal veins in between; stamens 15, in 3 unequal verticils, ovary ovoid, style about 2 times the length of ovary, villous in the basal third; 2 longer fruit calyx lobes up to 7 cm 1.2 cm, narrowly obtuse, 3 shorter ones up to 6 mm 5 mm, ovate, acute, saccate. Hopea mengarawan occurs locally, scattered or sometimes gregariously on low-lying, often swampy or periodically inundated land and also on low hills up to 500 m altitude. The density of the wood is 510-910 kg/m³ at 15% moisture content. See also the table on wood properties.

[31]Ashton, P.S., 1968. A manual of the dipterocarp trees of Brunei State and of Sarawak. Supplement. Borneo Literature Bureau, Kuching. viii + 129 pp.
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[514]Ng, F.S.P. & Tang, H.T., 1974. Comparative growth rates of Malaysian trees. Malaysian Forester 37: 2–23.
[526]Omon, R.M., 1987. Pengaruh hormon NAA terhadap pertumbuhan anakan cabutan Hopea mengarawan Miq. di Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia [The effect of NAA hormone on wilding growth of Hopea mengarawan Miq. in Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia]. Buletin Penelitian Hutan 491: 20–25.
[560]Prawira, S.A. & Oetja, 1975. Pengenalan jenis-jenis pohon ekspor [Introduction to export timber tree species], serie KE: VII. Laporan No 214. Lembaga Penelitian Hutan, Bogor. 27 pp.
[677]Symington, C.F., 1941. Foresters' manual of dipterocarps. Malayan Forest Records No 16. Forest Department, Kuala Lumpur. pp. xliii + 244.
[748]van Steenis, C.G.G.J. & de Wilde, W.J.J.O. (Editors), 1950–. Flora Malesiana. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London.

K.M. Kochummen, F.T. Frietema

Kochummen, K.M. & Frietema, F.T., 1993. Hopea mengarawan Miq.. In: Soerianegara, I. and Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editors): Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 5(1): Timber trees; Major commercial timbers. PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Database record: prota4u.org/prosea