4312

5(2): Timber trees; Minor commercial timbers

Lithocarpus gracilis (Korth.) Soepadmo

This article should be read together with the article on the genus: Lithocarpus in the Handbook volume indicated above in this database.

Reinwardtia 8: 243 (1970).

Lithocarpus cyrtorhyncha (Miq.) Rehder (1919), Lithocarpus diepenhorstii (Miq.) Barnett (1944), Lithocarpus cyathiformis A. Camus (1947).

Malaysia: mempening puteh, berangan babi (Peninsular).

Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, southern Sumatra and Borneo.

The wood is used as mempening, e.g. for general construction.

A fairly large tree up to 40 m tall, bole up to 90 cm in diameter, with buttresses up to 1.5 m high, bark surface smooth to finely fissured, rarely scaly, greyish-brown to dark grey-black, inner bark fibrous, yellow-cream darkening to dull red-brown; leaves elliptical to narrowly elliptical, (10—)15—20(—33) cm (4—)5—8(—13) cm, apex acute to acuminate, the surfaces discolourous, glabrous above, with minute stellate hairs below, with (11—)12—16(—17) pairs of secondary veins prominent on both surfaces, reticulation subscalariform to irregular, distinct below, petiole 0.5—1.0 cm long; male flowers solitary or in clusters of 3, female flowers solitary or rarely in clusters of 2—3; cupule sessile or on a stalk up to 5 mm long, saucer- to cup-shaped, 2.0—2.7 cm across, covering up to one third of the nut, with 6—8 lamellae, minutely stellate tomentose; nut ovoid-conical, glabrous, for the greater part free from the cupule. Lithocarpus gracilis is fairly common and occurs in primary or sometimes secondary forest, heath forest, on ridges and hills but also along rivers or in flat swampy locations, usually on sandy or rarely on limestone derived soils, up to 1500 m altitude. The density of the wood is 510—720 kg/m³ at 15% moisture content.

[77]Burgess, P.F., 1966. Timbers of Sabah. Sabah Forest Records No 6. Forest Department, Sabah, Sandakan. xviii + 501 pp.
[78]Burkill, I.H., 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. 2nd edition. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur. Vol. 1 (A–H) pp. 1–1240. Vol. 2 (I–Z) pp. 1241–2444.
[83]Camus, A., 1948, 1952–1954. Les chOnes. Atlas tome III & Texte tome III [The oaks. Atlas volume III & text volume III]. EncyclopTdie Economique de Sylviculture 8. Paul Lechevalier, Paris. 1314 pp.
[99]Cockburn, P.F., 1976–1980. Trees of Sabah. 2 volumes. Sabah Forest Records No 10. Forest Department Sabah, Sandakan.
[162]Flora Malesiana (various editors), 1950–. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London.
[465]Ng, F.S.P. & Mat Asri Ngah Sanah, 1991. Germination and seedling records. Research Pamphlet No 108. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong. 191 pp.
[474]Oey Djoen Seng, 1951. Perbandingan berat dari jenis-jenis kaju Indonesia dan pengartian beratnja kaju untuk keperluan praktek [Specific gravity of Indonesian woods and its significance for practical use]. Laporan No 46. Balai Penjelidikan Kehutanan, Bogor. 183 pp.
[583]Soepadmo, E., 1970. Florae Malesianae praecursores XLIX. Malesian species of Lithocarpus Bl. (Fagaceae). Reinwardtia 8: 197–308.
[705]Whitmore, T.C. & Ng, F.S.P. (Editors), 1972–1989. Tree flora of Malaya. A manual for foresters. 2nd edition. 4 volumes. Malayan Forest Records No 26. Longman Malaysia SDN. Berhad, Kuala Lumpur & Petaling Jaya.

M.S.M. Sosef

Sosef, M.S.M., 1995. Lithocarpus gracilis (Korth.) Soepadmo. In: Lemmens, R.H.M.J., Soerianegara, I. and Wong, W.C. (Editors): Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 5(2): Timber trees; Minor commercial timbers. PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Database record: prota4u.org/prosea