4424

5(2): Timber trees; Minor commercial timbers

Mangifera quadrifida Jack

This article should be read together with the article on the genus: Mangifera (timber aspects) in the Handbook volume indicated above in this database.

Roxb., Fl. Indica ed. Carey & Wallich 2: 440 (1824).

Mangifera spathulaefolia Blume (1850), Mangifera langong Miq. (1862), Mangifera rumphii Pierre (1897).

Indonesia: asam kumbang (Sumatra, Kalimantan), asem kipang, rawa-rawa (Kalimantan). Malaysia: rawa (general), rancha-rancha (Sabah). Thailand: mamuang-khan.

Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java (rare) and Borneo, possibly also the Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi and the Moluccas; locally cultivated around villages.

The wood is reputed to be used. The pleasantly acid fruit is eaten.

A medium-sized tree up to 30 m tall, with often rather short and thick bole up to 150 cm in diameter, bark surface initially smooth, later regularly and superficially longitudinally fissured and becoming rough, greyish to dark brown; leaves elliptical or oblong-spatulate to spatulate, (3—)10—20 cm (2—)5—9(—10) cm; inflorescence pseudo-terminal, the branches often forming a fascicle, glabrous; flowers 4-merous, petals c. 4 mm long, creamish-white, with 3 stout, dark yellow ridges ending in a gland, disk large, cushion-like, 4-lobed, one stamen fertile, staminodes very small or lacking, filaments free; fruit globose to ellipsoid-globose, up to 8 cm long, black when fully ripe. Mangifera quadrifida occurs in lowland rain forest up to 700 m altitude.

[104]Corner, E.J.H., 1988. Wayside trees of Malaya. 3rd edition. 2 volumes. The Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur. 774 pp.
[162]Flora Malesiana (various editors), 1950–. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London.
[328]Kostermans, A.J.G.H. & Bompard, J.-M., 1993. The mangoes. Their botany, nomenclature, horticulture and utilization. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources and Linnean Society of London. Academic Press, London. 233 pp.
[463]Ng, F.S.P., 1991. Manual of forest fruits, seeds and seedlings. Vol. 1. Malayan Forest Record No 34. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong. 400 pp.
[465]Ng, F.S.P. & Mat Asri Ngah Sanah, 1991. Germination and seedling records. Research Pamphlet No 108. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong. 191 pp.
[673]Verheij, E.W.M. & Coronel, R.E. (Editors), 1991. Plant resources of South-East Asia No 2. Edible fruits and nuts. Pudoc, Wageningen. 446 pp.
[705]Whitmore, T.C. & Ng, F.S.P. (Editors), 1972–1989. Tree flora of Malaya. A manual for foresters. 2nd edition. 4 volumes. Malayan Forest Records No 26. Longman Malaysia SDN. Berhad, Kuala Lumpur & Petaling Jaya.

R.H.M.J. Lemmens

Lemmens, R.H.M.J., 1995. Mangifera quadrifida Jack. In: Lemmens, R.H.M.J., Soerianegara, I. and Wong, W.C. (Editors): Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 5(2): Timber trees; Minor commercial timbers. PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Database record: prota4u.org/prosea