4702

5(2): Timber trees; Minor commercial timbers

Terminalia calamansanai (Blanco) Rolfe

This article should be read together with the article on the genus: Terminalia in the Handbook volume indicated above in this database.

Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21: 310 (1884).

Terminalia pyrifolia (Presl) Kurz (1875), Terminalia blancoi Merr. (1909), Terminalia latialata C.T. White (1929).

Malaysia: jelawai mentalun (Peninsular). Philippines: malakalumpit (general), kalamansanai (Tagalog), magtalisai (Panay Bisaya). Cambodia: popiël khaê, popeal khe, pro pil ke. Burma (Myanmar): lein. Thailand: khimot (central), tinnok (south-eastern), haen-daeng (northern). Vietnam: b[oo]ng d[ee]u, ch[af]n r[af]ng, chi[ee]u li[ee]u.

Burma (Myanmar), Indo-China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, the Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.

The wood is used as yellow-brown terminalia, e.g. for indoor construction and furniture; it is also employed for foundation piles but is not durable. The bark has been used medicinally in the Philippines.

A medium-sized to fairly large deciduous tree up to 40 m tall, bole up to 200 cm in diameter, with tall, steep plank buttresses up to 10 m high, bark surface shallowly cracked or fissured and flaking, grey to pale yellow-brown, inner bark pale yellow; leaves narrowly obovate to broadly elliptical, 8—20 cm 3—9 cm, base cuneate, pubescent but usually glabrescent above, with 4—8 pairs of secondary veins, petiole 1—4 cm long; flowers in an axillary spike 6—20 cm long, calyx tube tomentose or sericeous; fruit much broader than long, 1—3 cm 2—10 cm, pubescent to tomentose, with 2 very broad wings. Terminalia calamansanai is common in areas subject to a pronounced dry season and is found in deciduous forest, on roadsides, along rice fields, also near the sea and on limestone cliffs, at low and medium altitudes. The density of the yellow-brown wood is 590—705 kg/m³ at 12% moisture content.

[54]Bigger, M., 1982. Insect pests associated with forestry plantations in the Solomon Islands. Commonwealth Forestry Review 61(4): 249–257.
[101]Coode, M.J.E., 1973. Notes on Terminalia L. (Combretaceae) in Papuasia. Contributions from Herbarium Australiense No 2: 1–33.
[125]de Guzman, E., Umali, R.M. & Sotalbo, E.D., 1986. Guide to the Philippine flora and fauna. Vol. 3: Dipterocarps, non-dipterocarps. Natural Resources Management Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources & University of the Philippines, Quezon City and Los Baños. xx + 414 pp.
[140]Desch, H.E., 1941–1954. Manual of Malayan timbers. Malayan Forest Records No 15. 2 volumes. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore. 762 pp.
[145]Eddowes, P.J., 1977. Commercial timbers of Papua New Guinea, their properties and uses. Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Primary Industry, Port Moresby. xiv + 195 pp.
[159]Fenton, R., Roper, R.E. & Watt, G.R., 1977. Lowland tropical hardwoods. An annotated bibliography of selected species with plantation potential. External Aid Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Wellington. 420 pp.
[162]Flora Malesiana (various editors), 1950–. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London.
[163]Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêtnam (various editors), 1960–. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
[414]Meniado, J.A. et al., 1975–1981. Wood identification handbook for Philippine timbers. 2 volumes. Government Printing Office, Manila. 370 pp. & 186 pp.
[449]Nanakorn, W., 1985. The genus Terminalia (Combretaceae) in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 15: 59–107.
[465]Ng, F.S.P. & Mat Asri Ngah Sanah, 1991. Germination and seedling records. Research Pamphlet No 108. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong. 191 pp.
[527]Reyes, L.J., 1938. Philippine woods. Technical Bulletin No 7. Commonwealth of the Philippines, Department of Agriculture and Commerce. Bureau of Printing, Manila. 536 pp. + 88 plates.
[666]van Vliet, G.J.C.M., 1979. Wood anatomy of the Combretaceae. Blumea 25: 141–223.
[705]Whitmore, T.C. & Ng, F.S.P. (Editors), 1972–1989. Tree flora of Malaya. A manual for foresters. 2nd edition. 4 volumes. Malayan Forest Records No 26. Longman Malaysia SDN. Berhad, Kuala Lumpur & Petaling Jaya.
[718]Womersley, J.S. & Henty, E.E. (Editors), 1978–. Handbooks of the flora of Papua New Guinea. Melbourne University Press, Carlton.

M.S.M. Sosef

Sosef, M.S.M., 1995. Terminalia calamansanai (Blanco) Rolfe. In: Lemmens, R.H.M.J., Soerianegara, I. and Wong, W.C. (Editors): Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 5(2): Timber trees; Minor commercial timbers. PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Database record: prota4u.org/prosea